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Profiling cocoa‐derived flavanols and their metabolites in serum, urine, liver, and intestinal contents of pigs fed flavanol‐enriched cocoa powder (LB420)
Author(s) -
Jang Saebyeol,
Sun Jianghao,
Chen Pei,
Molokin Aleksey,
Lakshman Sukla,
Harnly James,
Urban Joseph,
Davis Cindy,
SolanoAguilar Gloria
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.28.1_supplement.lb420
Subject(s) - urine , chemistry , food science , catechin , metabolite , polyphenol , hippuric acid , glucuronide , proanthocyanidin , chromatography , biochemistry , antioxidant
The polyphenol content of cocoa is high and consumption is associated with benefits to human health. To determine the metabolites of cocoa derived flavanols after consumption, five months old conventional crossbred pigs were fed 5, 10, and 20 g of flavanol‐enriched cocoa powder per day for 26 days. The total flavanol content in the cocoa powder was 20.5 mg/g and the major flavanols detected were epicatechin, (+) catechin, and procyanidin C1. Serum, urine, liver tissue, and proximal colon contents were collected 14 hour after the final consumption of cocoa powder. Metabolite analysis was conducted using High‐performance liquid chromatography tandem with accurate mass spectrometry (HPLC‐HRM) on a Q‐Exactive high resolution mass spectrometer. Epicatechin or catechin‐glucuronide conjugates were the major metabolites found in the serum, urine, and liver. Urine had more diverse metabolites than serum and liver whereas proximal colon contents had fewer metabolites. The concentration of total epicatechin‐glucronide in serum and urine was higher than in liver. Products of microbial metabolism such as vanillic acid and 3‐hydroxyphenylpropionic acid were also detected. This study showed that flavanol metabolites were detectable in serum, urine, liver, and proximal colon content after consumption of cocoa powder for 26 days, and the concentration of flavanol metabolites was dependent on the dose of cocoa powder ingested. Grant Funding Source : ODS/NIH‐ARS/USDA