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Contribution of thiamin and riboflavin vitamers to total breast milk content (623.13)
Author(s) -
Hampel Daniela,
ShahabFerdows Setareh,
York Emily,
Allen Lindsay
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.28.1_supplement.623.13
Subject(s) - riboflavin , flavin adenine dinucleotide , chemistry , breast milk , lactation , vitamin d and neurology , vitamin , niacin , cofactor , medicine , endocrinology , food science , zoology , biochemistry , biology , pregnancy , enzyme , genetics
Thiamin (T) and riboflavin (R) are part of the B‐vitamin complex necessary for many metabolic processes. During lactation, nutrient needs increase to support maternal and infant requirements and inadequate supply has been described even in well‐nourished mothers. Both vitamins occur in several forms in breast milk (BM) contributing to its total content. We analyzed T, thiamin‐monophosphate (TMP), thiamin‐pyrophosphate (TPP), R, and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) in existing BM samples from Malawian mothers collected at 2 and 24 wk. (n = 118). Concentrations were log‐transformed and means at 2/24wk were compared by paired t‐test (2wk: total T median: 154µg/L, TPP/TMP/T 5/88/7%; total R: 210µg/L, R/FAD 6/94%; 24wk: total T: 196µg/L, 2/77/21%; total R: 173µg/L, 8/92%). Free and total T sig. increased over time (p < 0.05), while TMP showed no change. TPP, a form previously not reported in BM, sig. decreased (p < 0.05). Thiamin transporters THTR1 and 2 present in the mammary gland might be responsible for preferred free T‐uptake rather than TMP/TPP, so free T may be driving total T increase. No change was found in free R, but FAD sig. decreased at 24 wk. Breast Cancer Resistance Protein (BCRP) actively transports R into BM while BCRP‐independent FAD transport has been suggested. The sig. lower levels of total R followed the trend found for FAD (p < 0.05); thus the coenzymatic form seems to mainly explain total R status. Grant Funding Source : Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP53107)