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Multivitamin‐mineral use and cardiovascular disease mortality in the U.S. (370.8)
Author(s) -
Bailey Regan,
Fakhouri Tala,
Park Yikyung,
Dwyer Johanna,
Thomas Paul,
Dodd Kevin,
Gahche Jaime,
Miller Paige,
Sempos Christopher,
Murray David
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.28.1_supplement.370.8
Subject(s) - multivitamin , medicine , confounding , hazard ratio , proportional hazards model , national health and nutrition examination survey , demography , cohort , blood pressure , cohort study , body mass index , confidence interval , environmental health , population , vitamin , sociology
Multivitamin‐mineral products (MVMs) are the most commonly reported dietary supplements used in the US. Previous research on the role of MVM and cardiovascular mortality (CVD‐M) has been equivocal. We examined the use of MVM products among US adults in the NHANES III (1988‐94; n=18,643, age 20+y) and CVD‐M reported by the National Death Index through December 31, 2011 using Cox proportional hazards models with age as the underlying time metric stratified by birth cohort. Underlying cause of death was coded using ICD‐10. We examined potential confounders including sex, education, income, race, diet, physical activity, smoking, alcohol, BMI, blood pressure, serum lipids, medication use, and medical history. We observed a lower risk of CVD‐M among users of MVM products when compared to non‐users (HR=0.75; 95%CI: 0.62‐0.89). We further examined length of time MVMs were used relative to CVD‐M and found that MVM use of more than 3 years was associated with a reduced risk of CVD‐M (HR=0.62; 95%CI: 0.50‐0.77). Moreover, in older adults (age 60+y, n=6,515) the long‐term use of MVM (i.e. 15 or more years) conferred the greatest risk reduction (HR=0.49; 95%CI: 0.31‐0.79). Results were similar in sensitivity and sub‐group analysis. The primary limitation of this study is that all variables were only measured at baseline; therefore, changes in exposures over time are not captured. As such, this study cannot be used to infer causality. Nevertheless, in this nationally‐representative data set with detailed information on the use of MVMs from baseline and linked‐mortality data approximately 20 years later, we found a strong and consistent relationship between the use of MVMs and reduced risk of CVD‐M in US adults. Grant Funding Source : Supported by the Office of Dietary Supplements