Premium
Inflammation, vitamin D, and depression symptoms among reproductive‐aged women from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005‐2006 (1034.20)
Author(s) -
Faraj Joycelyn,
Ronnenberg Alayne
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.28.1_supplement.1034.20
Subject(s) - national health and nutrition examination survey , medicine , depression (economics) , vitamin d and neurology , body mass index , quartile , logistic regression , c reactive protein , vitamin d deficiency , inflammation , population , confidence interval , environmental health , economics , macroeconomics
Women in their childbearing years are 2‐3 times more likely than men to experience depression. Little is known about the role of inflammation and vitamin D in depression. We conducted a secondary data analysis to evaluate the association between c‐reactive protein (CRP), vitamin D, and depression in non‐pregnant females ages 15 to 49 from the cross‐sectional National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005‐2006. Depression scores were calculated based on the Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 (PHQ‐9). A score of 5 or higher denoted depression. To account for NHANES’ complex survey sample, weighted measures were used for analysis of the 3,176 observations included in this study. Twenty‐six percent of women reported experiencing some symptoms of depression. Those experiencing depression had increased inflammation (CRP 0.02 vs 0.08 mg/dL, p‐value: 0.002) and higher body mass index (BMI) (30.8 vs 27.3 kg/m2; p‐value 0.005). In multivariate linear regression, CRP was significantly associated with a higher depression score (β: 1.45, 95%CI 0.53, 2.37) compared to the lowest quartile of inflammation after adjusting for vitamin D levels, season and BMI. Vitamin D deficiency was also associated with higher depression score when adjusting for season, CRP, and BMI (β: 0.71, 95%CI 0.18,1.23). In addition, a BMI of 30 kg/m2 or higher was significantly associated with increased depression score after adjusting for vitamin D, season and CRP (β: 1.26, 95%CI 0.18, 2.33). In multivariate logistic regression, those in the highest quartile of CRP were 2 times more likely to have higher depression symptoms compared to those in the lowest quartile, after adjusting for vitamin D, season, and BMI (OR: 2.13, 95%CI 1.22, 3.73). Shedding light on the etiology of inflammation‐associated depression and the potential role of vitamin D in this association may help develop adequate prevention and treatment strategies for depression.