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Chronic coffee consumption alters gut microbiome: potential mechanism to explain the protective effects of coffee on type 2 diabetes?
Author(s) -
Cowan Theresa E,
Palmnas Marie,
Ardell Kendra,
Yang Jaeun Jane,
Reimer Raylene,
Vogel Hans,
Shearer Jane
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.27.1_supplement.951.1
Subject(s) - gut flora , type 2 diabetes , food science , diabetes mellitus , microbiome , green coffee , gut microbiome , chemistry , medicine , lactobacillus , insulin , endocrinology , insulin resistance , biology , biochemistry , bioinformatics , fermentation
Cumulative epidemiological studies indicate a negative relationship between coffee consumption and type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, the specific mechanisms by which coffee reduces T2D is unknown but may involve the metabolism of polyphenols in coffee by the gut microbiome. To this end, we examined the impact of chronic coffee consumption on the gut microbiome in lean and diet‐induced obese rats. Male Sprague‐Dawley rats (n=40) were randomized into chow (CH, 12% kcal fat) or high fat (HF, 60% kcal fat) dietary groups. Each group was further divided into groups consuming water or coffee for 8wk, consuming food and fluid ad libitum (n=10/treatment). Coffee consumption was associated with lower weight gain and body fat percentage in both CH and HF (p<0.05). Oral glucose and insulin tolerance tests showed HF (p<0.05) but not coffee consumption to alter insulin action. Compared to CH, HF resulted in a reduction in Total Eubacteria levels in water but not coffee treatment (p<0.05). Lactobacillus was decreased in the HF‐water group but not HF‐coffee suggesting coffee had a protective effect. Alterations in the gut microbiome were supported by analysis of serum metabolites by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC‐MS). This data indicate that gut microbiota‐host metabolic interactions may mediate the beneficial effects of coffee on the development of T2D.