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Sodium, potassium, sodium to potassium ratio and hypertension in China, 1991–2009
Author(s) -
Du Shufa,
Batis Carolina,
Wang Huijun,
Zhang Bing,
Popkin Barry M
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.27.1_supplement.847.27
Subject(s) - potassium , sodium , hazard ratio , medicine , zoology , chemistry , confidence interval , organic chemistry , biology
Little is known about patterns and trends and patterns of sodium, potassium, sodium to potassium (Na/K) ratio and their health effects in China. Our study examines these trends and their health impact using China Health and Nutrition Survey data (1991–2009) for 16,869 adults aged 20–60 years. Detailed dietary data was collected by three consecutive 24–hour recalls with weighing of all foods and condiments. Blood pressure was measured with standard mercury sphygmomanometers. Flexible parametric models for survival‐time data were used to estimate the hazard ratios. Recent intakes of sodium, potassium, and Na/K ratio had strong dose‐response associations with incident hypertension: hazard ratios (95%CI) were 1.27 (1.05, 1.52), 1.47 (1.20, 1.80), 2.03 (1.63, 2.52), 2.16 (1.72, 2.71) for sodium, 0.83 (0.71, 0.97), 0.94 (0.80, 1.10), 0.74 (0.63, 0.87), 0.66 (0.56, 0.78) for potassium, and 1.12 (0.93,1.35), 1.27 (1.06,1.53), 1.64 (1.37,1.97), 2.14 (1.79,2.55) for Na/K ratio for the second to fifth quintiles compared to the lowest group respectively. These findings suggest that adults in China have low potassium intake and high Na/K ratio and both increase the risk of hypertension. Replacing sodium with potassium in salt to control and prevent hypertension in China should be considered among other public health and clinical prevention options.