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Evolutionary Origin of the Sulfilimine Chemical Bond in Basement Membranes
Author(s) -
Fidler Aaron,
Vanacore Roberto,
Pedchenko Vadim,
Bhave Gautam,
Chetyrkin Sergei,
Stothers Cody,
McDonald Hayes,
Rose Kristie,
Aspirnauts the,
Hudson Julie,
Hudson Billy
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.27.1_supplement.790.19
Subject(s) - hydroxylysine , basement membrane , biology , lernaean hydra , evolutionary biology , microbiology and biotechnology , biochemistry , amino acid , lysine
Collagen IV is the primary protein constituent of basement membranes, conferring structural integrity to this specialized form of extracellular matrix and serving as a ligand for cell‐surface receptors. Collagen IV protomers, characterized by a triple‐helical arrangements of alpha‐chains, oligomerize forming complex networks. We recently discovered a novel sulfilimine bond (‐S=N‐ ) that covalently links methionine‐93 and hydroxylysine‐211 in the noncollagenous domains (NC1) between opposing protomers. In the present study, we sought to determine the distribution and origin of the sulfilimine bond in the animal kingdom. Representative species, spanning the major phyla Chordata, Hemichordata, Echinodermata, Mollusca, Arthropoda, Annelida, Nematoda, Ctenophora, and Cnidaria were investigated. The presence of the bond was detected by electrophoresis techniques and, in certain species, its presence was confirmed by mass spectrometry. Evidence for the bond was found for all phyla. Within Cnidaria, the bond was found in four species: Hydractinia, Ectopleura, Metridium, and Nematostella . In contrast, the bond was absent in Hydra , a result which is consistent with the absence of methionine‐93 and hydroxylysine‐211 in collagen IV genomic data of Hydra . The findings reveal that the sulfilimine bond arose at the divergence of sponge and Cnidaria, coinciding with the emergence of the basement membrane. The bond represents an essential innovation for strengthening the structural integrity of basement membranes for the genesis of tissues.