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Vitamin D, calcium, potassium and calorie intakes associated with distinct breakfast patterns in adults (NHANES 2001–2008)
Author(s) -
Fulgoni Victor L,
Quann Erin E,
Auestad Nancy
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.27.1_supplement.633.3
Subject(s) - meal , calorie , potassium , food science , fortification , vitamin , nutrient , vitamin d and neurology , calcium , zoology , breakfast cereal , dietary reference intake , fortified food , chemistry , medicine , biology , biochemistry , organic chemistry
Foods consumed together at breakfast form distinct breakfast patterns. Cluster analyses using NHANES (2001–2008) data for adults (19+ y) identified 12 unique breakfast patterns. Two of the 12 patterns consisted predominantly of ready‐to‐eat cereal (RTEC) with milk (18% of adults). The other patterns were predominantly grain‐based, egg‐based, meat‐based, cooked cereal, beverage‐based, fruit, or no breakfast (38%, 7%, 3%, 5%, 9%, 2% and 19% of adults, respectively). Higher total daily consumption of dairy occurred with the 2 RTEC‐with‐milk patterns (2.1–2.4 cup‐eq.) vs. the other patterns including no breakfast (1.1–1.7 cup‐eq.); similarly for milk (1.4–1.7 vs. 0.4–0.9 cup‐eq., respectively). Total daily vitamin D intake was 6.7–7.3 vs. 2.3–5.1 mcg, respectively; calcium was 1096–1195 vs. 695–1009 mg, respectively; and potassium was 3009–3059 vs. 2013–3050 mg, respectively. Daily calories were 2132–2291 vs. 1967–2354 kcal, respectively. Breakfast patterns with higher milk intakes were associated with higher total daily vitamin D (3.6 mcg/cup‐eq.), calcium (381 mg/cup‐eq.) and potassium (553 mg/cup eq.). Little cheese (0–0.20 cup‐eq.) and yogurt (0–0.04 cup‐eq.) was consumed across all breakfast patterns. Total daily intakes of vitamin D, calcium and potassium, three of the nutrients of concern for Americans, are higher when milk is part of the breakfast meal. Supported by the Dairy Research Institute/National Dairy Council.