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Effect of tree nuts on features of the metabolic syndrome: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled dietary trials
Author(s) -
Mejia Sonia Blanco,
Sievenpiper John L.,
Souza Russell J,
Augustin Livia S,
Viguiliouk Effie,
Ha Vanessa,
Mirrahimi Arash,
Chiavaroli Laura,
Cozma Adrian I,
Jenkins David J A,
Kendall Cyril W C
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.27.1_supplement.615.2
Subject(s) - medicine , meta analysis , randomized controlled trial , waist , cochrane library , metabolic syndrome , medline , obesity , biology , biochemistry
Objective To assess the effect of tree nuts on features of the metabolic syndrome (MetS), we conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized dietary trials. Methods We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library (through May 25, 2012). We included relevant randomized dietary trials of ≥ 3 weeks reporting all 5 features of MetS (waist circumference, fasting glucose, triglycerides, HDL‐cholesterol [HDL‐C], blood pressure [BP]). Two independent reviewers extracted all relevant data. Data were pooled using the generic inverse variance method and expressed as mean differences (MD) with 95% CI. Heterogeneity was assessed by Cochran's Q and quantified by I2. Study quality was assessed by the Heyland score. Results 7 trials (n=1018) met the eligibility criteria. Diets high in tree nuts lowered triglycerides compared with control diets low in tree nuts (MD = −0.09 mmol/L [95% CI, −0.17, −0.01]). There was no effect on waist circumference, HDL‐C, BP, and fasting glucose, with evidence of heterogeneity in all analyses. Limitations Most of the trials were of short duration (<12 months) and of poor quality. Conclusion Pooled analyses show that diets high in tree nuts lower triglycerides. Longer and higher quality trials are warranted. Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT01630980 Funding source: International Nut Council