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Cholesterol‐induced inflammation on adipose tissue is reduced by a carbohydrate restricted diet in guinea pigs
Author(s) -
Aguilar David,
Deogburn Ryan,
Volek Jeff S,
Fernandez Maria Luz
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.27.1_supplement.46.5
Subject(s) - adipose tissue , endocrinology , medicine , cholesterol , inflammation , carbohydrate , cytokine , chemistry , biology
We evaluated in guinea pigs 1) the effects of a cholesterol challenge on adipose tissue inflammation and 2) the use of carbohydrate restricted (CRD) or high carbohydrate (CHO) diets to reduce inflammation generated by the high cholesterol. Twenty male guinea pigs (10 per group) were assigned to consume a diet with 30% fat, 45% CHO and 25% protein with low (.04%) (control) or high cholesterol (0.25%). After 6 wk guinea pigs were sacrificed and adipose tissue was collected. Cholesterol challenge increased free (p=.05) and total cholesterol (p=.003) accumulation in the adipose tissue. In addition pro‐inflammatory cytokines TNF‐alpha (p=.000), MCP‐1 (p=.027) and GM‐CSF (p=.000), were higher while the anti‐inflammatory cytokine IL‐10 was lower (p=.013) in the cholesterol challenged group compared to the control. Additionally, 20 guinea pigs (10 per group) were fed with 0.25% cholesterol for 6 weeks and then assigned to either a CRD (10% energy from carbohydrate) or a high CHO diet (54% CHO). When compared to high CHO diet, the CRD group had decreased accumulation of total cholesterol in the adipose tissue. Pro‐inflammatory cytokines MCP‐1 (p=.003), TNF‐alpha (p=.000), IL‐2 (p=.048) were also decreased in the adipose tissue of the CRD group of animals. These results indicate that cholesterol challenge induces adipose tissue inflammation and CRD is a better strategy than high CHO diet to attenuate this detrimental effects.