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Employing the Water Balance Questionnaire for the evaluation of water balance in adults, pregnant women and elderly
Author(s) -
Kapsokefalou Maria,
Malisova Olga,
Zampelas Antonis,
Bountziouka Vassiliki,
Panagiotakos Demosthenes
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.27.1_supplement.230.8
Subject(s) - medicine , water balance , water intake , balance (ability) , urine , energy balance , zoology , physical therapy , biology , geotechnical engineering , engineering , ecology
Water balance is a euhydration index reflecting water intake and loss. It may be evaluated with the Water Balance Questionnaire (WBQ), a practical validated new tool that estimates intake from frequency intake of foods, beverages and drinking water and loss from excretion of sweat, urine and feces. The objective was to apply the WBQ for the assessment of water balance in adults (18–65y, stratified for age and sex, n=485 in summer and n=412 in winter), pregnant women (n=300, 100 from each trimester) and elderly (aged 65–95y, n=200) in Athens, Greece. In adults, in winter water balance was −63±1478 ml/day, intake 2892 ± 987 ml/day and loss 2637 (1810, 3922) ml/day. In summer water balance was −58 ± 2150 ml/day, intake was 3875 ± 1373 ml/day and loss 3635 (2365, 5258) ml/day. In pregnant women water balance was 203 (−577, 971) ml/day, intake was 2917 (2187, 3544) ml/day and loss 2658 (2078, 3391) ml/day; these did not differ between pregnant and non pregnant women or among the three trimesters. Similarly, results in the elderly are reported. Using the WBQ we observed that a) in summer water needs were higher than those in winter by approximately 1L b) pregnant women have higher water intake than adult women c) various sources contribute to water and energy intake d) beverages contribute approximately 1/5 of total energy intake. Supported partially by Coca Cola and the European Hydration Institute