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Effects of Garlic (Allium sativum) on indicators of diabetic nephropathy
Author(s) -
Thomson Martha,
AlQattan Khaled,
Mansour Mohamed H.,
Ali Muslim
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.27.1_supplement.224.2
Subject(s) - diabetic nephropathy , endocrinology , medicine , diabetes mellitus , streptozotocin , creatinine , kidney , chemistry
The anti‐diabetic, antioxidant and anti‐nephropathic effects of an aqueous extract of raw garlic (RGE) were studied in diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by IP injection of streptozotocin (STZ) and a fasting blood sugar >;300 mg/dl indicated diabetes. Diabetic rats were divided into 2 groups; control and garlic‐treated. RGE was administered daily for 8 weeks. Blood glucose and serum creatinine and urea were elevated in diabetic rats, and lowered by RGE treatment. In contrast, serum and kidney protein and antioxidants, and serum albumin levels were decreased in diabetic rats, and increased in RGE‐treated diabetic rats. Serum insulin levels were decreased over 10 fold in diabetic rats and increased by RGE treatment. In addition, total urine creatinine, protein and albumin were elevated in diabetic animals and decreased by RGE treatment. In contrast, urine urea was decreased in diabetic rats and elevated by RGE treatment. Plasma and kidney antioxidant enzymes (GR, GPx, catalase) were lower in diabetic rats with RGE‐treated diabetic rats having increased activities. Lipid peroxidation (MDA levels) were increased in kidneys of diabetic rats and lowered in RGE‐treated diabetic rats. Urine enzymes (LDH, ALP and NAG) were increased in diabetic controls and decreased in RGE‐treated diabetic rats. Immunochemical analysis of angiotensin receptor expression and localization in kidney tissues indicated that AT 1 receptors were up‐regulated and AT 2 receptors were down‐regulated in kidneys of diabetic rats, while these changes were reversed in RGE‐treated diabetic rats. Thus, RGE relieved oxidative stress and nephropathy in diabetic rats. The study was supported by KU grant #SL 09/10.