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Human Milk Fat Globule Proteinogenic mRNA Reveal Existence of Alternative Transcripts
Author(s) -
Kothapalli Kumar SD,
Zou James S,
Hyon Stephanie S,
Ojukwu Kinsley E,
Bugbee Garrett L,
Alluri Rajeev,
Park Hi Kyu,
Zhang Jiyao,
RanRessler Rinat R,
Brenna James Thomas
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.27.1_supplement.1072.17
Subject(s) - fads2 , messenger rna , polyunsaturated fatty acid , biology , peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma , lactation , breast milk , gene , fatty acid , chemistry , biochemistry , docosahexaenoic acid , peroxisome proliferator activated receptor , genetics , pregnancy
Human breast milk is a complex oil‐in‐water emulsion, where lipid is primarily carried in milk fat globules (MFG). MFG are the exclusive lipid delivery vehicles to the gastrointestinal tract of breast fed infants. Our main objective was to investigate the appearance of proteinogenic mRNA relevant to lactation and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) synthesis in MFG. Methods Frozen, pooled human breastmilk was thawed, centrifuged, and the least dense (top) fraction was collected. RNA was isolated and mRNA of selected genes was evaluated by semi‐quantitative RT‐PCR. A total of 40 gene products, including alternative transcripts (ATs) of recently discovered fatty acid desaturases (FADS2 and FADS3) were studied. Results Among the genes investigated, MFGE8, FTH1 and LTF mRNA were the most abundant. FADS2, SCD, FASN, FABP3, ACOX1, SCPX, CSN2, TLR4, LXRA, VDR and PPARD were detected. Five out of seven known FADS3AT were detected. In contrast, no mRNA for FADS1, FADS2AT1, ELOVL2, ELOVL3, ELOVL6, PPARA and PPARG were detected. Conclusions Our results show that proteinogenic mRNA are very selectively present in MFG. To our knowledge this is the first report to show existence of evolutionarily conserved AT in MFG. The MFG may be a unique mRNA vector for the breast fed infant.