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Increased Gut Microbiome Diversity Following a High Fiber Mediterranean Style Diet
Author(s) -
Steinle Nanette,
Cirimotch Shana,
Ryan Kathy,
Fraser Claire,
Shuldiner Alan,
Mongodin Emmanuel
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.27.1_supplement.1056.3
Subject(s) - microbiome , feces , mediterranean diet , biology , triglyceride , butyrate , pyrosequencing , prevotella , zoology , cholesterol , physiology , medicine , food science , endocrinology , bacteria , microbiology and biotechnology , bioinformatics , biochemistry , genetics , fermentation , gene
We investigated the effects of a Mediterranean style diet on the composition of the gut microbiome, and on fasting lipids. Nine men and women age 50–65 years with BMIs 25–35 kg/m 2 and with impaired fasting glucose collected fecal samples during a 2‐week run‐in period, and after the 2‐week calorically‐neutral diet intervention, and provided blood for the analysis of fasting lipids. Bacterial RNA was extracted from pre and post intervention fecal samples, and 454 pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA transcripts (as cDNA) was performed. We sequenced 391,870 high‐quality 16S reads. There was a mean 14% decrease in triglyceride levels (180.8 mg/dl vs 156.8 mg/dl; SD = ± 57.5, p= 0.25), and a mean 12% decrease in LDL cholesterol levels (157.8 mg/dl vs 139.2 mg/dl; SD = ± 16.4, p= 0.009). We observed clustering of individuals’ microbial profiles; (e.g. each microbiome appears to be unique, and within each individual cluster, pre‐diet datapoints cluster separately from post diet datapoints). The number of species‐level operational taxonomic units increased following the diet intervention (+9.64% on average); richness as calculated by the Chao1 (+8.22%) and Ace estimates (+6.37%) increased, as well as the Simpson diversity index (+34%). Ongoing studies focus on identifying which specific group of microbes is responsible for this increase in diversity and their associations with metabolic and inflammatory markers. Grant Funding Source : P30 DK072488 and the Dry Bean Health Research Program