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Anti‐inflammatory Effects of Peanut Skin Extracts on COX‐2 in Raw 264.7 Cells
Author(s) -
Lewis Wanida,
Dean Lisa,
Harris Gabriel Keith
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.lb502
Subject(s) - trolox , chemistry , oxygen radical absorbance capacity , acetone , antioxidant , ethanol , food science , anti inflammatory , ethyl acetate , trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity , solvent , chromatography , phenol , biochemistry , pharmacology , antioxidant capacity , organic chemistry , medicine
Peanut skins have been regarded as a low economic waste by‐product of the peanut industry but they contain high levels of bioactive compounds including catechins and procyanidins, which could benefit human health. This is the first report that investigated the anti‐inflammatory effects of peanut skin extracts (PSE) in vitro . Defatted peanut skins were extracted using aqueous solvent mixtures (acetone/water and ethanol/water) and dried to powders. Antioxidant activity was determined by Hydrophilic Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (H‐ORAC) and Total Phenol assays. PSE extracted with acetone/water had higher H‐ORAC and total phenolic values (3060 μmol Trolox/100 g and 290 mg GAE/g) than PSE extracted with ethanol/water (2620 μmol Trolox/100 g and 250 mg GAE/g, respectively). Raw 264.7 mouse cells were treated with three concentrations of PSE (1, 2.5 and 5% (w/v)) and induced with an inflammatory marker, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 16 hours. Prostaglandin PGE 2 was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA). Increasing concentrations of PSE induced with LPS demonstrated a decrease in PGE 2 activity. PSE extracted with acetone or ethanol treatments of 5% showed significantly decreased concentrations of PGE 2 activity compared to the negative control (p<0.05). Western blotting analysis showed an inhibition in COX‐2 expression as PSE levels increased suggesting that PSE's inhibition of PGE 2 inhibits COX‐2. This study highlights the need to investigate the relationship between antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties of a waste by‐product that has the potential use as anti‐inflammatory agent.