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The Increase in Flow‐Mediated Vasodilation Induced by Grape Polyphenols is Positively Correlated with Increased Expression of Inducible Nitric Oxide (iNOS)
Author(s) -
Barona Jacqueline,
Lee Jiyoung,
Park Youngki,
Fernandez Maria Luz
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.823.22
Subject(s) - nitric oxide synthase , nitric oxide , endocrinology , medicine , chemistry , enos , peripheral blood mononuclear cell , vasodilation , sod2 , antioxidant , oxidative stress , superoxide dismutase , biochemistry , in vitro
Twenty four men (30–70 y) with metabolic syndrome (MetS) participated in a double blind study and were randomly allocated to either a freeze‐dried grape polyphenol powder (GRAPE) or a placebo for 30 d. After a 3‐wk washout, they followed the alternate treatment. Participants abstained from consuming polyphenol‐rich foods. Flow‐mediated vasodilation (FMD), Inflammatory markers tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐a, interleukin 6 (IL‐6), IL‐8, and the anti‐inflammatory IL‐10 were measured in plasma as well as 8‐ isoprostanes in urine. Additionally, mRNA expression of IL‐6, IL‐ 1b, IL‐10, the antioxidant enzymes (SOD1&2, GPx1&4), the endothelial (eNOS) and inducible (iNOS) isoforms of nitric oxide synthase, and NADPH oxidase (NOX2) were measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated at both periods. FDM was increased during the GRAPE period (p<0.0001) while inflammatory or antioxidant markers were not different (p>0.05) between periods. However, iNOS expression changes were correlated with changes in absolute (mm) FMD response (r=0.514, p< 0.025) and with changes in SOD2 expression (r=0.642, p<0.01). These results suggest that the beneficial effects of GRAPE on FMD are positively associated with NO production in men with MetS. However, 4 wk of GRAPE supplementation were not enough to detect changes in anti‐inflammatory or anti‐oxidant gene expression [Supported by The California Table Commission]