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Macronutrient absorption from almonds: the measured energy value of almonds in the human diet
Author(s) -
Gebauer Sarah K,
Novotny Janet A,
Baer David J
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.820.25
Subject(s) - food science , urine , chemistry , crossover study , excretion , feces , dietary fiber , zoology , nut , biology , medicine , biochemistry , paleontology , alternative medicine , structural engineering , pathology , engineering , placebo
Epidemiological studies have demonstrated an inverse association between frequent nut consumption and body mass index. Clinical studies have shown that lipid from nuts may be more poorly absorbed than from other food sources; thus, the metabolizable energy (ME) contained in nuts may be less than that predicted by Atwater general factors. Data from human feeding studies are lacking. The ME value currently used for food labeling, based on Atwater general factors, is 5.7 kcal/g (160 kcal/1 oz svg). The objective of the current study is to empirically determine the measured energy value of almonds utilizing a randomized, crossover study in healthy adults (n = 18). Almonds were fed in 3 doses as part of a controlled diet: 0 g/d (control), 1.5 oz/d (42 g/d), and 3 oz/d (84 g/d). Urine and fecal samples were collected for 7 to 10‐day periods during each 3‐week diet period. Diet and feces were analyzed for nitrogen, fat, total dietary fiber, ash, and combustible energy; urine was analyzed for nitrogen and combustible energy. The energy value of almonds was calculated from differences in energy excretion during the dietary treatments. The measured ME density of almonds was 4.56 kcal/g (128 kcal/1 oz svg) – 20% less than the current value reported on the food label. Accurate information about ME content of foods is important for reliable food labeling so consumers can make informed dietary choices. Support: USDA & Almond Board of California