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Increasing the number of masticatory cycles reduces appetite and modulates glycemic response and plasma gut hormone concentrations
Author(s) -
ZHU YONG,
HSU WALTER H,
HOLLIS JAMES H
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.639.8
Subject(s) - appetite , meal , postprandial , medicine , peptide yy , ghrelin , endocrinology , hormone , glycemic , cholecystokinin , insulin , neuropeptide , neuropeptide y receptor , receptor
Eating slowly and chewing thoroughly are often recommended for weight management. However, few laboratory studies have been conducted to support this specific eating behavior as a means to control appetite. In a randomized cross‐over study, 21 healthy males consumed a fixed amount of pizza meal, by chewing each portion either 15 or 40 times before swallowing. Chewing rate was kept constant thus eating rate was slower in the 40 chews condition. Subjective appetite was measured by appetite questionnaires for three hours after meal, and plasma samples were collected for measurement of appetite‐related hormones and glucose. An ad libitum meal was served three hours later and the amount eaten measured. Compared with 15 chews condition, eating slowly by chewing 40 times per portion resulted in lower hunger (P=0.009), lower preoccupation with food (P=0.005) and lower desire to eat (P=0.002). Meanwhile, higher plasma level of glucose (P=0.024), insulin (P<0.001), gastric inhibitory polypeptide (P<0.001) and cholecystokinin (P=0.045) were observed with lower plasma level of ghrelin (P=0.051) following the 40 chews condition. However, the food intake at the subsequent meal did not differ. The results suggest eating slowly by increasing masticatory cycles could reduce postprandial appetite and may be a potential strategy for body weight management. Grant Funding Source : Iowa State University