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Effects of a Low‐carbohydrate vs. High‐carbohydrate, Highfiber Diet on Soluble Cell Adhesion Molecules and Endothelial Function in Adults With Metabolic Syndrome
Author(s) -
Angadi Siddhartha,
Weltman Nathan,
Patrie James,
Barrett Eugene,
Weltman Arthur,
Brock David,
Irving Brian,
Davis Christopher,
Rodriguez Jessica,
Gaesser Glenn
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.626.29
Subject(s) - medicine , carbohydrate , endocrinology , adiponectin , endothelial dysfunction , chemistry , metabolic syndrome , cell adhesion molecule , obesity , insulin resistance , immunology
Twenty‐three adults (6 males) with the metabolic syndrome participated in a randomized cross‐over study to assess the effects of a low‐carbohydrate diet [LC: 15–20% carbohydrate (fiber ≤ 10 g/day), 55–60% fat, 25–30% protein] and a high‐carbohydrate, high‐fiber diet [HCHF: 55–60% carbohydrate (fiber ~45g/day), 20–25% fat,15–20% protein] on serum biomarkers of endothelial function and brachial artery flow‐mediated dilation (BAFMD). Each ad libitum diet lasted 4 weeks, with a 4‐week washout. sE‐selectin was reduced ( P < 0.02) by 10–15% after both diets. Inter‐cellular adhesion molecule 1 was reduced only after LC (6.6%; P < 0.03); vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 was unchanged by either diet. After HCHF, adiponectin decreased by 8.3% ( P < 0.01), with a trend for increased fibrinogen (5.3%, P = 0.075). For BAFMD a significant ( P = 0.01) diet interaction was observed for pre vs. post diet changes (LC: 10.1 ± 1.4% vs. 7.2 ± 1.1%, P = 0.06; HCHF: 9.5 ± 1.3% vs. 10.4 ± 1.5%, P = 0.61). Despite greater improvements in circulating adhesion molecules following LC, BAFMD was impaired relative to a HCHF diet. This may be due in part to significant elevations in plasma free fatty acids after LC (±16.7%, P < 0.02). Biomarkers of endothelial function may not accurately reflect the vascular dysfunction that results after following a LC diet in adults with metabolic syndrome. Funded by NIH RR MO100847 and a grant from the Wheat Foods Council.