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Whole apple but not apple pectin affects cardiac pathology and the oxidative stress/antioxidant transcriptome in obese rats
Author(s) -
Seymour E Mitchell,
Brickner Paula R,
Bosak Kristen N,
Kondoleon Michael G,
Bolling Steven F
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.385.7
Subject(s) - oxidative stress , antioxidant , medicine , endocrinology , calorie , cardiac function curve , pectin , cholesterol , obesity , metabolic syndrome , blood pressure , food science , chemistry , biochemistry , heart failure
Apples provide both pectin fiber and phytochemicals that may confer cardiac benefits. However, their comparative effects on hypertension and cardiac function are unknown. In the obesity‐prone Zucker Fatty rat, we compared three diets: freeze‐dried whole apple powder (APP, 10% w:w), apple pectin (PEC), or control (CON). Diets were matched for macronutrients and calories, and animals were provided equivalent food per day. Body weight, fat mass and lean mass were not significantly different among groups. However, APP caused progressive reductions in serial systolic blood pressure, while PEC only caused transient and non‐significant reductions. After 120 days, APP but not PEC reduced cardiac hypertrophy, improved diastolic function, increased cardiac output, and reduced fibrosis. APP also reduced plasma oxidative stress marker malonyldialdehyde. APP but not PEC affected the cardiac transcriptome related to pro‐inflammatory NFκB activation and to antioxidant defense. Both APP and PEC reduced cardiometabolic risk factors like serum triglycerides, total cholesterol and fasting glucose but increased fecal cholesterol and bile acid content. Results suggest that diet‐altered lipid and glucose handling did not reduce cardiac pathology. In addition, reduced tissue oxidative stress by whole apple may be critical to cardiac‐specific effects; apple‐derived phytochemicals may mediate these benefits.