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Characterization of flavanol and procyanidin absorption and metabolism in humans: identification of potential bioactive metabolites
Author(s) -
Ottaviani Javier Ignacio,
Momma Tony Y.,
Keen Carl L.,
Schroeter Hagen
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.385.4
Subject(s) - adme , metabolism , bioavailability , chemistry , proanthocyanidin , enterohepatic circulation , biochemistry , biology , pharmacology , polyphenol , in vitro , antioxidant
Accumulating data suggest a causal relationship between diets rich in flavanols (F) and procyanidins (P) and cardiovascular health in humans. Thus, it becomes important to understand the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) of these food constituents. F and P encompass a complex group of phytonutrients, including 4 F stereoisomers, and various P, consisting of F oligomers of different chain lengths. In this study, we assessed metabolism and the systemic concentrations of F stereoisomers and P in humans, following the intake of these compounds in a well‐characterized food matrix. The results show that the ADME of F is stereoisomer‐specific. Moreover, F stereochemistry and metabolism represented major determinants for the vasodilation activity of these compounds in vivo. Compared to F, P reached negligible levels in circulation. Contrary to previous suppositions, P did not contribute to the systemic presence of F via depolymerization in the gastrointestinal tract. However, 5‐(3,4‐dihydroxyphenyl)‐γ‐valerolactone, a gut microbiome‐related catabolite, was detected after the intake of F and P. Taken together, our results argue for a more comprehensive discrimination between the F and P content in foods, which may result in the identification of clearer epidemiological outcomes, and a better understanding of the putative nutritional and health‐promoting properties of F and P in general. Grant Funding Source : Mars, Inc