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Long‐term Dietary patterns in China, 1991–2009
Author(s) -
Batis Carolina,
Zhang Bing,
Popkin Barry
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.130.7
Subject(s) - china , food group , red meat , varimax rotation , food science , geography , biology , environmental health , medicine , mathematics , statistics , archaeology , cronbach's alpha , descriptive statistics
Little is known about dietary patterns over time in transitional societies. Using the China Health and Nutrition Survey, we followed 3012 adults aged 18 y or older in 1991 with complete dietary data in each of 7 waves (1991, 1993, 1997, 2000, 2004, 2006 and 2009). Diet was measured by a combination of a household food inventory (detailed weighing of changes in household food) and 3 consecutive days of 24‐h recall. Dietary intake was grouped into 42 food groups. A factor analysis (STATA 12), followed by a varimax orthogonal rotation was performed at each wave. Factors with eigenvalues >1 were retained. Two clear patterns emerge over time. One was linked with a diet high in rice, vegetables, high‐fat red meat and fish, and inversely associated with wheat and corn intake. This pattern remained relatively similar in all waves. A second pattern was associated with high animal products intake (red and organ meats, poultry, eggs, fish and sea products) in all waves. During the series of surveys, other food groups began to be linked with this same dietary pattern: alcohol (beginning in 1993), pastries, cookies, deep‐fried cereals and fruits (beginning in 1997), fast‐food (in 2006), and sweetened dairy (in 2009). These results provide insights into the dynamic shifts in a major unhealthy eating pattern in China as the economy shifted and new products were introduced into the food distribution system. Grant Funding Source : CONACYT (grant 212018), NIH (R01‐HD30880), the Fogarty International Center (D43‐TW009077)