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A three‐part mixed‐effects model to estimate usual total nutrient distributions from food and dietary supplements
Author(s) -
Dodd Kevin Wayne,
Verkaik-Kloosterman Janneke,
Dekkers Arnold,
Veer Pieter,
Ocke Marga
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.129.2
Subject(s) - nutrient , food intake , statistics , estimation , covariate , population , food consumption , consumption (sociology) , mathematics , standard deviation , econometrics , environmental health , medicine , biology , agricultural economics , economics , endocrinology , ecology , social science , management , sociology
When estimating distributions of usual nutrient intake (as part of monitoring the nutritional status of a population), it is vital to consider intake from all sources, including dietary supplements (DS). Estimation based on short‐term measurements is hampered by within‐person variation in consumption and skewed/multimodal distributions of observed intake. Summing measured intakes from food sources and from DS prior to correction for within‐person variation (“add‐then‐shrink”) may produce biased estimates of usual total intake. We present a 3‐part model using a “shrink‐then‐add” approach to estimate usual intake separately 1) from food, 2) from DS among DS users, and 3) from food among DS nonusers, accounting for several other covariates. The population distribution of usual total intake is estimated by combining these 3 distributions, allowing possible interdependence. The new model extends the approach developed by the US National Cancer Institute, and is designed to eliminate some potential biases of the “add‐then‐shrink” approach. Usual total vitamin D intake for children was estimated via the 3‐part model and data from the Dutch food consumption survey (n = 1279). This methodology may also apply in other cases, e.g., where high concentrations of nutrients appear in episodically consumed foods.