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Effects of whole walnuts and walnut components on postprandial triglyceride response, plasma measures of antioxidant activity, and endothelial function in overweight and obese adults
Author(s) -
Berryman Claire E,
West Sheila G,
Grieger Jessica A,
Blumberg Jeffrey B,
Kris-Etherton Penny M
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.117.1
Subject(s) - postprandial , malondialdehyde , crossover study , triglyceride , antioxidant , chemistry , juglans , zoology , medicine , cholesterol , food science , endocrinology , biochemistry , diabetes mellitus , biology , placebo , alternative medicine , pathology
Walnuts beneficially affect endothelial function and oxidative stress. Mechanisms specific to walnut components are not known. We evaluated acute, postprandial effects of walnut components [separated nut skins (5.6 g), de‐fatted nutmeat (34 g), and nut oil (51 g)] versus whole walnuts (85 g) on metabolic parameters. Overweight/obese adults (9 women/6 men) with moderate hypercholesterolemia were randomized to a 4‐period crossover study design. There was a treatment by time interaction (P < 0.01) for TG. Post hoc tests showed that oil increased TG versus nutmeat and skins at 120 min and 240 min versus skins; the whole nut increased TG versus skins at 120 min and 240 min (P < 0.01 for all). Ferric reducing antioxidant power was different between nutmeat and oil and nutmeat and skins (P < 0.01 for both). Skins decreased the reactive hyperemia index (RHI) versus baseline (P < 0.01), and oil improved RHI versus skins (P < 0.01). For the Framingham RHI (fRHI), oil was greater than skins and the whole nut (P < 0.01 for both). For the oil treatment, ex vivo cholesterol efflux correlated with RHI and fRHI (r = 0.35, P = 0.07; r = 0.39, P = 0.04). There were no differences in total thiols or malondialdehyde. Walnut oil improved endothelial function compared to the skins, and these changes were associated with improved reverse cholesterol transport. Measurement timing, extraction method, and/or bioavailability may help explain these effects. Grant Funding Source : California Walnut Commission and the GCRC, PSU (NIH grant M01RR10732) ; ClincalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00938340