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Comparative metabolic physiology of cynomolgus (Macaca fascicularis) and rhesus (Macaca mulatta): The nature of their naturally occurring diabetes and metabolic syndrome
Author(s) -
Hansen Barbara C.,
Wang Jian,
Wang Xiaoli,
Fang Yupeng,
Wang Chen,
Newcomb Jennifer,
Linden Ellen,
Higgins Paul B.,
Gregoire Francine,
Wang Yixin Jim
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.1126.10
Subject(s) - diabetes mellitus , hyperinsulinemia , hypertriglyceridemia , medicine , endocrinology , insulin , disease , metabolic syndrome , type 2 diabetes , pathophysiology , obesity , primate , physiology , insulin resistance , biology , triglyceride , cholesterol , neuroscience
A direct comparison between cynomolgus and rhesus monkeys of the disease, diabetes, as it progresses naturally and spontaneously, has not been previously reported. Because of the importance of nonhuman primate models for the development of therapeutic agents for diabetes and related metabolic impairments, we have compared our two colonies of monkeys, rhesus in the USA and cynos in China to determine similarities and differences in the presentation of diabetes, its natural evolution, and its responses to therapeutic agents. Both are known to frequently and spontaneously develop adult‐onset obesity‐associated diabetes that appears to be the same disease, with the same complications and the same pathophysiology, as seen in humans. Compared to rhesus, cynos weigh approximately 2–3 kg less at the time of diabetes onset, and have lower levels of hyperinsulinemia (~15–20μU/ml) and hypertriglyceridemia (~50 mg/dl), but have similar levels of hyperglycemia, impairment of glucose tolerance, acute and late insulin responses during an IVGTT, reductions in insulin sensitivity (euglycemic clamps), and attenuation of glucose stimulated insulin release (GGI). Similar pharmacological responses to some antidiabetic agents show that they are both valuable models for the evaluation of efficacy in these metabolic diseases.