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Phytonutrient density of diets consumed by adults in the United States
Author(s) -
Murphy Mary M,
Barraj Leila M,
Bi Xiaoyu,
Cheatham Rachel,
Randolph R Keith
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.25.1_supplement.lb259
Subject(s) - zeaxanthin , medicine , food science , lycopene , phytoestrogens , age groups , carotenoid , lutein , environmental health , chemistry , demography , estrogen , sociology
Fruits and vegetables are key dietary sources of phytonutrients, though intakes of fruits and vegetables by Americans fall short of recommendations. The purpose of this study was to estimate the phytonutrient density of diets consumed by younger (19–44 y), middle age (45–64 y) and older adults (65+ y), and the percent of adults meeting age and sex‐specific recommendations for fruit and vegetable intakes. Estimates were based on 2‐day average intakes using dietary recalls in NHANES 2003–2006 and phytonutrient concentration data from USDA and the published literature. Energy‐adjusted intakes (intake/1000 kcal) of total carotenoids (alpha‐carotene, beta‐carotene, beta‐cryptoxanthin, lutein/zeaxanthin, lycopene) were 20% higher by both middle age and older adults as compared to younger adults. Energy‐adjusted intakes of total flavonoids (anthocyanidins, EGCG, hesperetin, isoflavones, quercetin) were 40% higher by the two older groups. Intakes of ellagic acid/1000 kcal were 50 and 80% higher in the two older groups, respectively, while intakes of resveratrol (excluding wine) were 40 and 50% higher. Energy‐adjusted intakes of allicin decreased with age, and intakes of isothiocyanates were comparable between younger and older adults. Increased intakes of phytonutrient‐rich foods may be warranted for all adults, and particularly for younger adults. Research supported by Nutrilite Health Institute.