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Dietary fat and carbohydrate intake during early pregnancy and risk of gestational diabetes
Author(s) -
Ley Sylvia H,
Hanley Anthony J,
Retnakaran Ravi,
Sermer Mathew,
Zinman Bernard,
O'Connor Deborah L
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.25.1_supplement.lb234
Subject(s) - gestational diabetes , medicine , pregnancy , obstetrics , odds ratio , gestation , diabetes mellitus , physiology , endocrinology , biology , genetics
Dietary intake is known to influence gestational diabetes (GDM), but there is a little consensus on the optimal distribution of dietary fat and carbohydrate intake during pregnancy for GDM prevention. We aimed to investigate the impact of macronutrient intake distribution during the second trimester on the risk of GDM. Women who were with singleton pregnancies and without pre‐existing diabetes were included. Participants were asked to recall second trimester dietary intake using a validated food frequency questionnaire and in addition underwent a 3‐hour oral glucose tolerance test. Of 205 participants, 46 (22.4%) had GDM assessed at 30±2.6 (mean±SD) weeks gestation. Women who had GDM compared to those free of GDM consumed higher % intake of total fat (mean±SD: 37±5.2 v. 34±5.3 %, respectively) and lower % intake of carbohydrate (49±6.2 v. 52±6.2 %) (both p=0.01). After adjustment for age, ethnicity, family history of diabetes, prepregnancy BMI, and pregnancy weight gain, % total fat and % carbohydrate intake were individually associated with GDM (odds ratio per 5% increase 1.54 [95% CI 1.04–2.29] and 0.68 [0.49–0.93], respectively). In conclusion, dietary intakes higher in total fat and lower in carbohydrate, potential modifiable behavioral determinants, during early pregnancy were associated with increased risk for GDM later in pregnancy.