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Effects of whole and refined grains on cardiometabolic risk factors: designing a controlled‐feeding study
Author(s) -
Harris Kristina Arline,
West Sheila,
Heuvel Jack Vanden,
KrisEtherton Penny
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.25.1_supplement.971.16
Subject(s) - medicine , overweight , waist , whole grains , abdominal obesity , randomized controlled trial , obesity , metabolic syndrome , weight loss , refined grains , endocrinology , food science , biology
Dietary recommendations to reduce risk of major chronic diseases consistently include the substitution of whole grains for refined grains. However, the strength of evidence to support this is “moderate” due to reliance on epidemiological data and mixed results from free‐living clinical trials. Therefore, a 12‐week randomized, parallel‐arm, controlled‐feeding, weight‐loss study was designed to determine the biological effects of chronic whole and refined grain intake on cardiometabolic risk factors in participants with “pre‐metabolic syndrome (MetSyn).” Overweight or obese (BMI 25–42 kg/m 2 ) men (n=25) and women (n=26) aged 35–55 with increased waist circumference and at least 1 other MetSyn characteristic were randomized to either a whole (WG) or refined grain (RG) diet. Weight was maintained for 6 weeks then weight loss was induced for 6 weeks via reduced‐calorie diet (~500 kcal/d). The macronutrient profiles of WG and RG diets were matched (~54% CHO, ~17% PRO, ~29% FAT, ~6.7% SFA) with the exception of fiber due to the whole grains (WG: 7 serv WG/d, 39 g fiber/d; RG: 0 WG serv/d, 22 g fiber/d in 2100 kcal/d diet). We hypothesize that a diet containing whole versus refined grains will elicit improvements in abdominal adiposity, inflammation, and endothelial function, which are clinical targets of cardiometabolic disease that present in MetSyn. This study is supported by General Mills. Grant Funding Source: General Mills