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Risk factors for depression in pregnant urban South Indian women
Author(s) -
Ramthal Asha,
Thomas Tinku,
Lukose Ammu,
Shiny Ramya,
Bosch Ronald,
Kurpad Anura,
Duggan Christopher,
Srinivasan Krishnamachari
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.25.1_supplement.780.14
Background Antenatal depression is associated with adverse maternal and child outcomes, but little is known about associated risk factors in developing countries. Objective To identify risk factors for depression during the first trimester of pregnancy among 344 South Indian women. Methods Depression was measured using Kessler‐10 scale (K‐10) at < 14 weeks gestational age. Socio‐demographic data, measures of social support and pregnancy specific anxiety on a subsample of subjects were also obtained. Results Mean (SD) age was 23 (3) years. The prevalence of depression (K‐10 ≥ 7) was 29.1%. Dietary intakes of protein, iron, calcium and folate were below the RDA for >90% of subjects. In multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, education, occupation and income, depression was associated with vomiting during the first trimester, OR=2.04 (95% CI: 1.20–3.46). In a subgroup of 234 women, pregnancy‐specific anxiety, OR= 1.94 (1.07–3.54) was also associated with depression. Anemia, micronutrient and macronutrient intakes were not associated with depression. Conclusion Gastrointestinal symptoms and worries about pregnancy are associated with depression in early pregnancy. Longitudinal follow‐up of this cohort may allow the identification of nutritional and health outcomes among depressed women. Support: ICMR : 5/7/192/06‐RHN; NICHD: HD052143