Effects of ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acid enrichment of pre‐ and postnatal diet on triglyceride and glucose metabolism disturbances in the offspring of high‐fat diet fed Golden Syrian hamster

Maternal diet affects offspring metabolic phenotype. Especially enhancement in prenatal diet ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (ω3PUFA) content might prevent metabolic syndrome disturbances in offspring adulthood. Two groups of female hamsters were given, during pregnancy and suckling period, a low‐fat (13% lipid cal.) diet enriched (LO) or not (LC) in ω3PUFA. After weaning, offspring was given either the LC diet (LC‐LC and LO‐LC groups), or the LO diet (LC‐LO and LO‐LO), or a high‐fat (45% lipid cal.) diet enriched (HO) or not (HC) in ω3PUFA. Glucose tolerance (GT), plasma TG level, hepatic release of VLDL‐TG (TG‐HR), and postprandial TG (PPTG) were assessed. GT was lower in LC‐HC than LC‐LC (p<0.005), and this alteration was lesser in LC‐HO (p<0.05), while in offspring from LO females only LO‐HC and LO‐LO were different. Higher basal TG, PPTG and TG‐HR were observed in LC‐HC and LO‐HC compared to LC‐LC and LO‐LC (p<0.05). These variables were lower in LC‐HO and LO‐HO (p<0.05). There was a tendency for lower TG‐HR in LO‐LC and LO‐HC compared to LC‐LC (p=0.17) and LC‐HC (p=0.07). Moreover lower basal glycemia (BG) and lower PPTG were observed in LO‐HC compared to LC‐HC (p<0.05). These result show that ω3PUFA‐enriched prenatal diet improved PPTG and BG but failed to prevent TG disturbance, while postnatal enriched diet prevented glucose intolerance and TG metabolism disturbances induced by high‐fat diet. Grant Funding Source : Région Pays‐de‐la‐Loire, Oniris, INSERM