Dietary monounsaturated fatty acids in the management of the nutritional hypercholesterolemia: relationship with the bone mineral content

Individuals with hypercholesterolemia (HC) and atherogenic lipid profile increases the risk of developing atherosclerosis with vascular calcification and osteoporosis. Objetive To study in growing rats with nutritional HC, the effect of diets rich in MUFA (ω9) from high‐oleic‐sunflower oil (HOSO) or olive oil (OO) on total skeleton bone mineral content (BMC). At weaning, male Wistar rats (n=24; 21±2d) were randomly assigned to one of 3 groups. For 8 weeks, the control group (C) received AIN‐93 G diet, while the remaining groups received for 3 weeks (T3) an atherogenic diet rich in saturated fatty acids + cholesterol (SF+ C). At T3 total serum cholesterol (T‐C) was measured; then, for 5 weeks (T8) they replaced the SF by ω9 oils. At T8: T‐C, triglyceride (TG), HDL‐C, nHDL‐C and total BMC (DXA, LUNAR DPX) were performed. Results (mean±SD, and multiple correlations, 5% significance level). At T3, HC in HOSO and OO were observed (p<0.001). At T8, HOSO presented the highest T‐C and nHDL‐C but the lowest HDL‐C level (p <0.001).The multiple correlation study showed: β coefficients between lipid profile and BMC were: −2.910 (p<0.05); −0.531 (p<0.047); 2.768 (p=0.07) para Col‐noHDL, TG y Col‐T, respectively (r=0.669). The nutritional management of young individuals with HC would not be appropriate with ω9‐rich diet from HOSO. Awarded by UBACyT O008