Risk factors associated with anemia and iron deficiency among Kuwaiti pregnant women

This cross‐sectional study was designed to indentify risk factors of anemia and iron deficiency in Kuwaiti pregnant women. Pregnant women (n=465), aged 18–47 years, of 4–39 weeks at gestation were recruited during antenatal visits from health facilities in each governorate in Kuwait. Socio‐demographic, pregnancy‐related and dietary information were collected. Hemoglobin (Hb), serum ferritin (SF) and serum C‐reactive protein concentrations were determined. Twenty‐four per cent of the women were anemic (Hb<110.0 g/L) and 55% had iron deficiency (SF<12.0 μg/L). Of anemic women, 73.3 % had iron deficiency anemia (Hb<110.0 g/L and SF <12.0 μg/L). Logistic regression analysis revealed that iron deficiency (OR=2.71; 95% CI=1.66, 4.42) and not taking iron‐folate tablets regularly (OR: 1.80; 95% CI: 1.14–2.84) were the two most important risk factors associated with anemia. Pregnant women with higher gestational age, birth interval of ≤2 years, not taking iron‐folate tablets regularly, not consuming white bread (iron fortified) or fruit juice, and consuming green leafy vegetables, tea or coffee >1 time/week were significant risk factors associated with iron deficiency. In conclusion, various factors including dietary habits appeared to be associated with poor iron status, which is the most important risk factor for anemia among Kuwaiti pregnant women. Funded by Kuwait University, Research Grant No: WF01/08.