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Toxicometabolomics of Heated Vegetable Oils‐induced Adverse Effects
Author(s) -
Chen Chi,
Schwinkendorf Darin,
Yao Dan,
Csallany Agnes S
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.25.1_supplement.624.4
Under thermal stress, highly unsaturated edible oils are prone to be oxidized and degraded to various reactive lipid oxidation products (LOPs). Because of the interaction between LOPs and biomolecules (protein, DNA and lipids), the causative roles of consuming food prepared using highly unsaturated oils have been implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic diseases. However, exact influences of consuming heated oils on the metabolic system, especially endogenous small‐molecule metabolome, still remain poorly examined, due to the chemical complexity associate with heated oils and the limitation within traditional analytical methods. In this study, we combined high‐resolution liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (LC‐MS) with multivariate analysis and animal models to identify and characterize endogenous metabolites that are significantly affected by feeding heated soybean oil (HSO) in mice. Metabolomic comparison of urinary metabolite profiles induced by bolus dosing and chronic feeding of HSO with that of control soybean oil, revealed dramatic effects of HSO on the metabolic system, through both introducing new chemical species and altering the levels of endogenous chemicals. Structural analysis further identified nicotinamide N‐oxide, a metabolite from tryptophan‐NAD+ pathway, as one of biomarkers that had their urinary levels significantly increased after HSO feeding. Interestingly, kynurenic acid, another metabolite from tryptophan‐NAD+ pathway, remained comparable between control and HSO groups, suggesting that the metabolic pathway between kynurenine and nicotinamide could be affected by HSO. As the increase of nicotinamide N‐oxide is associated with the activation of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor alpha (PPARa), our results indicated that heated oil could disrupt tryptophan‐NAD+ biosynthesis through a PPARα‐dependent mechanism. Overall, LC‐MS‐based metabolomics is an efficient tool to explore heated oil‐induced adverse health effects.