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Dietary sources of caffeine intake by U.S. adults in the 2001–2008 NHANES
Author(s) -
Keast Debra R.,
Fulgoni Victor L.,
Lieberman Harris R.
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.25.1_supplement.581.11
Subject(s) - caffeine , national health and nutrition examination survey , medicine , zoology , food science , chemistry , environmental health , biology , population
Based on 24‐hr recalls of dietary intake from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, 2001–2008, we determined dietary sources of caffeine intake among adults 19 yr and older (9,682 male; 9,307 female). Mean one‐day caffeine intake was 189 ± 4 mg/d, with 187 ± 4 mg/d (98.8% of total) from beverages. Mean intake of caffeine from coffee, tea, soft drinks, and energy drinks was 119 ± 3 mg/d (62.9%), 30 ± 1 mg/d (16.0%), 36 ± 1 mg/d (19.1%), and 1 ± 0.1 mg/d (0.5%), respectively. Preferences for caffeine‐containing beverages varied across age. Aggregate caffeine intake increased substantially with age with an increase in coffee consumption largely accounting for the differences. Caffeine intake from coffee increased from 47 ± 3 mg/d in the 19–30 yr group to 136 ± 4 mg/d in the 31–50 yr group and 142 ± 4 mg/d in those >50 yr old. The 19–30 and 31–50 yr groups consumed more caffeine from soft drinks (48 ± 2 and 45 ± 2 mg/d, respectively) than adults >50 yr (20 ± 1 mg/d). Caffeine intake from energy drinks was low even among males aged 19–30 yr in 2005–2008 (5.5 ± 1.4 mg/d), but this was a substantial increase compared to 2001–2004 (1.0 ± 0.4 mg/d). Caffeine intake by age‐gender groups are largely determined by the caffeine content and volume of beverages consumed. (Support: US Army Medical Research & Materiel Command)