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Diet quality of American adults, 18–64 years of age, as measured by the Healthy Eating Index‐2005, differs by race/ethnicity and income level
Author(s) -
Hiza Hazel A.B.,
O'Connell Kellie M,
Guenther Patricia M,
Davis Carole A.
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.25.1_supplement.342.1
This study compared the diet quality of adults, age 18–64, by race/ethnicity and income using the Healthy Eating Index‐2005. Dietary recalls from 3,690 participants in the 2003–04 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed using SAS and SUDAAN. Results are reported as percentages of maximum scores tested for significant differences (p ≤ 0.05). Hispanics' scores were better than Blacks for the total (59, 53) and for Whole Fruit (WF) (61, 44), Total Vegetables (TV) (71, 56), Dark Green and Orange Vegetables and Legumes (DGOVL) (32, 22), Milk (49, 37) and Calories from Solid Fats, Alcohol, and Added Sugars (SoFAAS) (43, 31); but worse for Oils (62, 77). Total scores for Whites (56) were not significantly different from Hispanics or from Blacks. Hispanics' scores were better than Whites for Total Fruit (TF) (64, 48), DGOVL (32, 24), Saturated Fat (SF) (74, 56) and Sodium (47, 38); but worse for Whole Grains (WG) (11, 19), Milk (49, 60) and Oils (62, 76). Whites' scores were better than Blacks for TV (69, 56), WG (19, 14), and Milk (60, 37); but worse for SF (56, 64) and Sodium (38, 45). Total scores were better in the highest income group (>500% of poverty) compared to the lowest (<130%) (58, 55). Differences were due to TV (74, 64), DGOVL (31, 20), WG (20, 15) and SoFAAS (41, 33). Sodium scores, however, improved as income level decreased. Problematic dietary patterns were found among all demographic groups.