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Appetite and gastric emptying differ when fiber is consumed in macronutrient‐matched liquid and solid meals
Author(s) -
Willis Holly J,
Thomas William,
Willis David J,
Slavin Joanne L
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.25.1_supplement.328.6
Subject(s) - gastric emptying , appetite , dietary fiber , fiber , medicine , food science , gastroenterology , chemistry , stomach , organic chemistry
Research suggests fiber improves satiety and slows gastric emptying time (GET); however, it is unclear whether these endpoints differ based on food form. We compared the results after subjects consumed fiber‐matched liquid and solid breakfasts. Methods Fourteen women with a BMI of 21.2 ± 0.3 (mean ± SEM) participated in this randomized, crossover study. On two separate days, fasted subjects consumed macronutrient‐matched liquid (Naked® juices and skim milk) and solid (Quaker® oatmeal with blueberries and apples) breakfasts. Both meals had 10 g of fiber and 410 calories. Appetite was assessed with visual analogue scales, GET was assessed with a wireless motility system (Smartpill®), and food intake was covertly measured at lunch. Results Subjects were less hungry after oatmeal than after liquids (p=0.04). Satisfaction and fullness were marginally improved with oatmeal compared to liquids (p≤0.06). GET was longer after oatmeal than after liquids (mean minutes ± SEM: 254 ±13.5 and196 ± 11.5, respectively; p=0.003). Lunchtime food and beverage intake did not differ between treatments. Conclusion In this study, the fiber naturally present in oatmeal and whole fruits decreased hunger and slowed gastric emptying time more than the fiber added to commercially available beverages. This research was funded with a Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station and Human Ecology Research Fund grant.