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Neuroprotective effects of polyphenols include attenuation of mitochondrial dysfunction, regulation of intracellular calcium, and reducing glutamate excitotoxicity following ischemic injury in vitro
Author(s) -
Panickar Kiran S,
Anderson Richard A
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.25.1_supplement.213.6
Subject(s) - neuroprotection , myricetin , excitotoxicity , mitochondrial permeability transition pore , pharmacology , oxidative stress , chemistry , glutamate receptor , calcium in biology , calcium , neurotoxicity , biochemistry , quercetin , programmed cell death , intracellular , apoptosis , biology , antioxidant , toxicity , receptor , kaempferol , organic chemistry
Polyphenols possess anti‐oxidant, insulin‐potentiating, anti‐inflammatory, and anti‐apoptotic properties. Brain edema is an important consequence of cerebral ischemia and oxidative stress and inflammation have been implicated in its pathogenesis. Astrocyte swelling is a major component of cytotoxic brain edema. We investigated the protective effects of several polyphenols in C6 glial cultures subjected to 5 hr oxygen‐glucose deprivation (OGD). Polyphenol‐rich extracts from cinnamon and green tea as well isolated components prevented the rise in free radicals, glial cell swelling and the dissipation of the mitochondrial membrane potential. While the flavonoids, myricetin and quercetin, prevented cell swelling, quercetin did not reduce mitochondrial dysfunction. These polyphenols also decreased OGD‐induced intracellular calcium [Ca2+]i. Further, a reduction in [Ca2+]i, through the use of calcium channel blockers, reduced OGD‐induced cell swelling. Cinnamon extract and its purified polyphenol components, as well as myricetin, but not quercetin, attenuated the decline in glutamate uptake after OGD, similar to cyclosporin A, a blocker of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. These results indicated that the neuroprotective effects of polyphenols involved multiple actions that target diverse cellular mechanisms. (Funded by USDA/ARS/USA)