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Hypoglycemia causes depressive‐like behaviors in mice
Author(s) -
Park Min Jung,
Yoo Samuel W,
Choe Brian S,
Dantzer Robert,
Freund Gregory G
Publication year - 2010
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.24.1_supplement.lb380
Subject(s) - endocrinology , medicine , insulin , saccharin , hypoglycemia , behavioural despair test , saline , insulin tolerance test , epinephrine , insulin resistance , insulin sensitivity , antidepressant , hippocampus
Mood changes are induced by hypoglycemia in humans and their symptoms include a reduction in hedonic tone and in energetic arousal. While these clinical symptoms are well characterized, their underlying mechanism is not. C57BL/6J mice were administered insulin that generated a blood glucose nadir of 56 ± 6 mg/dl 0.75 h after 0.8 units/kg insulin injection. At 4 h post insulin administration, blood glucose had returned to normal (151 ± 19 mg/dl). Insulin administered mice had saccharin aversion (62 % vs 90.5 % of total fluid consumption) in the saccharin preference test and increased immobility in the forced swim test. In addition, insulin‐treated mice had a 14‐fold increase in liver IL‐6 when compared with saline‐treated mice. Insulin increased plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine in 24 h post insulin treatment. Importantly, blocking of the adrenergic receptors ablated the behaviors of insulin‐induced saccharine aversion and of increased immobility in forced swim test. Taken together, these data indicate that anhedonia and depressive‐like behaviors are induced by hypoglycemia and those behaviors are dependent on IL‐6, catecholamines, and adrenergic receptor‐mediated manner. This research was supported by Grants from the National Institutes of Health (DK064862, NS058525 and AA019357 to G.G.F.), USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Hatch project number #ILLU‐971‐32.