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Dark chocolates suppress rat aberrant crypt foci formation by downregulation of inflammation involved gene expression
Author(s) -
DeIulio Emily,
Hong Mee Young
Publication year - 2010
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.24.1_supplement.928.22
Subject(s) - azoxymethane , aberrant crypt foci , dark chocolate , colorectal cancer , polyphenol , downregulation and upregulation , crypt , gene expression , cancer , carcinogenesis , inflammation , biology , food science , endocrinology , chemistry , gene , medicine , immunology , biochemistry , colonic disease , antioxidant
Colon cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in the United States. Cocoa and chocolate products have among the highest concentrations of polyphenols compared to other food sources containing polyphenolic compounds. An increasing body of epidemiologic evidence supports the concept that diets rich in polyphenols promote health and attenuate or delay the onset of various diseases, including colon cancer. We determined whether dark chocolate protects against colon cancer by inhibiting aberrant crypt foci (ACF) formation. Forty eight male Spague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to receive diets containing no chocolate, regular dark chocolate or bloomed dark chocolate and injected subcutaneously with saline or azoxymethane (AOM, 2 times during wk 3 and 4). Relative to the control (no chocolate), dark chocolate diets, regardless regular or bloomed, lowered the total number of aberrant crypt (P=0.0124) and total number of ACF (P=0.0222). Chocolate diet‐fed animals downregulated the levels of cyclooxygenase 2 (P=0.0347) and RelA (P=0.0445) gene expression. These results suggest that dark chocolates reduced gene expression of inflammatory mediators which may contribute to the lower number of early preneoplastic lesions in colon carcinogenesis. This study was supported by CHNR08‐810 and SDSU NUTR 302L class.