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Contributions of milk, dairy products, and other foods to vitamin D intakes in the U.S.: NHANES, 2003–2006
Author(s) -
Keast Debra R.,
Fulgoni Victor L.,
Quann Erin E.,
Auestad Nancy
Publication year - 2010
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.24.1_supplement.745.9
Subject(s) - dietary reference intake , medicine , food science , vitamin , vitamin d and neurology , dairy foods , food group , fortified food , nutrient , environmental health , biology , ecology
Many Americans have vitamin D intakes below the Adequate Intake level. This study examined food sources of vitamin D using NHANES, 2003–2006, data and the recently released Vitamin D Addendum to USDA Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies 3.0. Vitamin D intakes were determined for all subjects 2 yrs and older with complete, reliable 24‐hr recall interviews on Day 1 (n=16,822). With food mixtures/mixed dishes classified by their main ingredient, the percent contributions to vitamin D intake from dairy products; grain products; meat, poultry, and fish; eggs, legumes, nuts and seeds; fruits and fruit juices; vegetables; and other foods was, 68.1,12.7, 9.2, 3.0, 3.0, 0.6, and 3.5%, in children 2–18 yrs (n=7,332), and 46.0, 10.7, 23.4, 5.7, 3.6, 1.4, and 9.1% in adults 19+ yrs (n=9,490), respectively. Using current food composition data, fluid milk/milk drinks provided 49.7, 65.8, and 43.2% of vitamin D intake in all subjects 2+ yrs, children 2–18 yrs and adults 19+ yrs, respectively. While still the primary source, a lower percent of daily vitamin D was provided by milk/milk drinks in Non‐Hispanic Black as compared to Non‐Hispanic White and Mexican American subjects (2–18 yrs: 57.0 vs. 67.9 and 65.1 %, respectively; and 19+ yrs: 28.7 vs. 45.3 and 48.5%, respectively). In conclusion, milk and milk products are the primary sources of vitamin D from food in the U.S. diet. (Supported by the National Dairy Council)