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Regenerative medicine based on muscle stem cells
Author(s) -
Huard Johnny,
Mankin Henry J.
Publication year - 2010
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.24.1_supplement.64.2
Subject(s) - stem cell , microbiology and biotechnology , biology , regenerative medicine , skeletal muscle , cell type , endothelial stem cell , angiogenesis , myocyte , population , immunology , cell , in vitro , anatomy , cancer research , medicine , genetics , environmental health
Members of the Stem Cell Research Center (SCRC) have isolated various populations of myogenic cells from the postnatal skeletal muscle of normal mice by means of the cells' adhesion characteristics, proliferation behavior, and myogenic and stem cell marker expression profiles. Most of these cell populations have displayed characteristics similar to those of skeletal muscle satellite cells; however, we also have identified a unique population of muscle‐derived stem cells (MDSCs). The MDSCs exhibit long‐term proliferation and high self‐renewal abilities, increased resistance to stress, and multipotency with the ability to differentiate, in vitro and in vivo, into a variety of tissue types including: muscular (skeletal and cardiac), neural, endothelial, osteogenic, and chondrogenic lineages. In contrast to other myogenic cell types, MDSCs are very efficient at engrafting and regenerating a variety of musculoskeletal tissues due to their increased ability to survive post‐implantation because of their high expression of anti‐oxidants. MDSCs activate host cells and are influenced by environmental cues released within injured tissues, which have been shown to impact the MDSCs regenerative capacity in various tissues. Some of the results regarding the crosstalk between the donor cells and host cells/tissues will be presented. Potential strategies are being explored to increase angiogenesis and prevent scar tissue formation within injured tissues as a means to further improve the regenerative potential of these cells. Finally recent results will be presented that suggest that the blood vessel walls harbor several cell types, including myo‐endothelial cells and pericytes that are likely the place of origin of the murine MDSCs discussed above. These human blood vessels derived cells are being tested for their regenerative potential in various tissues. The results outlined above open new avenues by which researchers could use muscle stem cell–based gene therapy and tissue engineering to improve tissue regeneration.