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Gas Cluster Ion Beam (GCIB) surface modification of titanium enhances osteoblast proliferation and bone formation in vitro
Author(s) -
Khoury Joseph,
Kirkpatrick Sean R,
Kodali Guru Charan,
Svrluga Richard C,
Tarrant Laurence JB
Publication year - 2010
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.24.1_supplement.638.4
Subject(s) - osseointegration , osteoblast , titanium , chemistry , alkaline phosphatase , cell growth , materials science , biophysics , surface modification , in vitro , implant , biochemistry , enzyme , surgery , medicine , organic chemistry , biology
Titanium implants are considered to be bioactive, but osseointegration is often slow. Many have increased surface area of the implant to which osteoblasts bind by etching or sandblasting, and applied additive coatings such as hydroxyapatite. We have altered the atomic‐level structure of the TiO 2 surface without adding material onto the surface. GCIB utilizes high energy ionized gas clusters of inert argon atoms. Bombardment of TiO 2 results in increased surface wettability and amorphization. Ti pieces were divided into 2 groups: untreated, or GCIB irradiated with 5×10 14 Ar clusters/cm 2 . Osteoblasts were seeded at 2000 cells/cm 2 , allowed to attach and proliferate up to 10 days (n=3). Cell counts were measured by MTS assay. RNA was extracted over 10 days and amplified for alkaline phosphatase (ALPL). Protein was extracted at 4, 24, and 48h and probed for total and phosphorylated p42, as a marker for cell proliferation. GCIB‐treated TiO 2 showed: increased proliferation by day 10 (12,213 ± 1,570 vs 6,880 ±700 cells p<0.05); ALPL upregulated by 3.4 ± 0.6 (p<0.01) fold by day 10, indicating bone formation; phosphorylation of p42 is seen at 4h and sustained at 24h on GCIB‐treated, and only 4h on non‐treated surfaces. Results suggest that osteoblasts adhere and proliferate better on GCIB‐treated TiO 2 . GCIB treatment of dental implants has potential to enhance bone formation and significantly decrease osseointegration time.