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Prevention of Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDD) in Mexico: An overall successful story, but some lessons to be learned
Author(s) -
Martinez Homero,
PinedaLucatero Alicia Getzabel,
AvilaJimenez Laura,
CastañedaLimones Ruty,
RamosHernandez Rosa Isela
Publication year - 2009
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.23.1_supplement.917.1
Subject(s) - iodised salt , goiter , medicine , population , iodine , iodine deficiency , toxicology , environmental health , zoology , thyroid , biology , chemistry , organic chemistry
Objective To identify causes of persistence of endemic goiter in specific areas in Mexico, despite a mandatory salt iodination program established since the early 1960s. Results In the mountainous state of Hidalgo school‐age children (SAC) had a prevalence of goitre between 6% (capital city) ‐ 21.2% (tropical low‐lands). Prevalence of low (<50 µg/L) urinary iodine excretion (UIE) ranged between 28% ‐ 52%. 97% of families consumed iodized table salt; only 50% of the samples were adequately iodized (>50 ppm). Goitrogens included consumption of yucca, sweet potato, broccoli and cauliflower; 24% of the population consumed water from wells contaminated with E. coli or heavy metals (arsenic and mercury). In the coastal state of Colima, goiter in SAC had a prevalence of 21 4%, with low UIE in 19.5% and high UIE in 32.0%. 92% of the population used coarse‐grain ocean salt, with 86.8% of locally‐iodized salt samples <50 ppm. Goitrogens included consumption of peanuts (31.5%), cabbage (30.1%), broccoli (27.7%) and cauliflower (25.7%). Median counts of colony‐forming units/100ml of drinking water were: 207.5 (well water), 151 (cisterns), 52 (private homes), 25 (elementary schools) and 12 (kindergartens). Percentile (P) IQ scores were: P5 (low): 48.5%; P5 to P25 (below average): 24 2%; P25 to P75 (average): 18.8%; P75 to P95 (above average): 3.6%; P95 (high): 4 9%. Moderate ID was associated with a 4.26 times higher risk of low IQ.