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Intestinal ischemia‐reperfusion injury: reversible and irreversible damage imaged in vivo
Author(s) -
Guan Yanfang,
Worrell Roger T,
Pritts Timothy A.,
Montrose Marshall H.
Publication year - 2009
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.23.1_supplement.763.2
Subject(s) - ischemia , reperfusion injury , in vivo , intravital microscopy , jejunum , chemistry , confocal microscopy , intestinal mucosa , intracellular , pathology , microcirculation , medicine , microbiology and biotechnology , biology , biochemistry
Early events in an intestinal ischemic episode have been difficult to evaluate. In vivo microscopy was used to continually report the effects of short (15 min) or long (50 min) ischemia with subsequent reperfusion (IR) on mouse jejunal epithelium. IR was imposed by an inflatable vascular occluder. Blood flow was monitored with confocal imaging. During short ischemia, villus NAD(P)H contents rapidly increased (23%; confocal autofluorescence) and the intracellular pH (BCECF) showed a biphasic response, quickly alkalinizing from 6.8 + 0.1 to 7.1 + 0.1 but then strongly acidifying to 6.3 + 0.1. Upon reperfusion, the pH normalized. In contrast, during long ischemia one‐third of the villus cells remained viable with reversible changes upon reperfusion, but remaining cells lost membrane integrity (Lucifer Yellow uptake) and were shed from the villus. This damage became more pronounced during reperfusion. Irreversible effects of IR mainly occurred at the anti‐mesenteric jejunal side, most likely due to incomplete restoration of blood flow upon reperfusion (stereo microscopy). In conclusion, adverse effects of short ischemia on the jejunum mucosa are fully reversible by reperfusion but after long ischemia, reperfusion cannot reverse such effects in the majority of cells, which deteriorate further. Our results may help defining the mechanism causing cells to transit from a reversible to an irreversible state during IR.