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A Mixed Protein Diet at the Upper End of the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range for Protein Increases Renal Fibrosis in the Pig Model
Author(s) -
Aukema Harold,
Jia Yong,
Hwang Sun Young,
House James,
Ogborn Malcolm,
Weiler Hope,
O Karmin
Publication year - 2009
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.23.1_supplement.720.4
Subject(s) - renal function , medicine , kidney , endocrinology , low protein diet , fibrosis , monocyte , biology
The acceptable macronutrient distribution range (AMDR) for protein has been set at 10‐35% of energy. The current study assessed the consequences of long‐term consumption of a mixed high protein diet at the upper end of the AMDR on the pig kidney. Methods Using whole protein sources, adult female pigs were given either normal (NP, 15% of energy) or high protein (HP, 35% of energy) isocaloric diets for 4 or 8 months. The protein in the NP diet was derived from animal and plant sources in a 2:1 ratio; the increased protein in the HP diet was achieved by increasing egg and dairy protein. Glomerular volume and renal fibrosis were quantified by image analysis. The renal inflammatory marker monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1) and the growth factor transforming growth factor beta‐1 (TGFβ1) were determined by ELISA. Results Pigs given the HP diet at 4, but not 8 months, had lower body weights and body fat, higher renal MCP‐1 levels and a trend towards higher glomerular filtration rates. At 8 months, kidney and glomerular volume, and tubulointerstitial fibrosis were significantly higher in pigs given the HP diet, while proteinuria and renal TGFβ1 expression did not differ. Conclusion Despite the potential benefits on body composition, long‐term intakes of protein at the upper limit of the AMDR may compromise renal health in healthy female pigs. Supported by CIHR.