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Acute consumption of very low carbohydrate meals lowers postprandial concentrations of insulin, leptin, and total ghrelin
Author(s) -
Kumagai Melissa,
Bergman Sarah,
Smith Julie,
Jordan Julia,
Clemons Aaron,
Gillingham Melanie,
Duell Bart,
Stadler Diane
Publication year - 2009
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.23.1_supplement.720.3
Subject(s) - postprandial , ghrelin , leptin , medicine , insulin , endocrinology , crossover study , meal , area under the curve , chemistry , carbohydrate , weight loss , hormone , obesity , alternative medicine , pathology , placebo
People following low carbohydrate (LC) diets report "food disinterest" that may lead to greater weight loss than other diets. Changes in weight regulation hormones that affect hunger and satiety may contribute to this heightened response. A random‐order, crossover design was used to test the hypothesis that acute consumption of LC meals reduces postprandial insulin, leptin, and ghrelin concentrations compared to high complex carbohydrate (HC) meals. Seven normal‐weight adults completed two 4‐day controlled dietary phases. Subjects consumed a standard diet for 3 days and LC (4% CHO) or HC (58% CHO) meals providing 10 kcal/kg on day 4. Insulin, leptin, and ghrelin were measured in blood samples hourly for 9.5 h after breakfast. Area under the curve (AUC) and patterns of change for each analyte were determined with differences between diets compared using paired t‐tests and Wilcoxon Signed‐Rank tests. AUC's for insulin (91±13 vs 259±30 μIU ·h/ml, p=0.0002) and leptin (4±0.7 vs 5±1.0 ng·h/ml·kg fat mass, p=0.03) were significantly lower after the LC than the HC diets. The linear term was significant for leptin, p=0.03. The linear (LC), quadratic and quartic (HC) terms were significant for ghrelin, p=0.02. Consumption of LC and HC meals resulted in different patterns of change for all analytes, and lower AUCs for insulin and leptin. These differences may explain the food disinterest and heightened weight loss associated with LC diets.