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Dietary carbohydrate level alters body composition and post‐prandial glycemic regulation
Author(s) -
Lasker Denise A Walker,
Layman Donald K
Publication year - 2009
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.23.1_supplement.544.2
Subject(s) - medicine , endocrinology , adipose tissue , glycemic , insulin , glucose homeostasis , chemistry , carbohydrate , glycogen , skeletal muscle , meal , carbohydrate metabolism , homeostasis , glucose uptake , insulin resistance , biology
Maintenance of blood glucose requires constant adjustments between hepatic release and insulin‐mediated peripheral uptake. Low carbohydrate (CARB), high protein diets are associated with improved insulin sensitivity and body composition. We propose metabolic thresholds reflecting low, moderate or high dietary CARB intake involving discrete changes in glycemic regulations in liver, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue serve to maintain glucose homeostasis and improve body composition. Male rats (N= 48, 150g) were adapted to a meal‐feeding protocol with 3 meals/d for 24 d. Diets provided CARB at: 58%(HC): 40%(MC): 25%(LC) of energy with fat at 30%. Rats were killed at 0 and 80 min. post‐prandial (pp). Glucose uptake was determined by injection of 2‐deoxy‐D‐[2,6‐ 3 H]‐glucose 60 min before tissue collection. Measurements included plasma glucose and insulin, tissue Akt and glycogen and gene expression of gluconeogenic enzymes. Although LC ate less than MC or HC, final body weight differed only with HC weighing less than MC ( P <0.05). Tissue weights revealed difference in body composition: LC had less adipose than MC and HC and both LC and MC had more muscle than HC ( P <0.01). While no differences were seen in plasma glucose, insulin at 80 min. pp was lower in LC vs. MC or HC (P<0.05). Decreased CARB levels promote better body composition and pp glycemic regulation. Support: Illinois Council of Food and Agricultural Research. Grant Funding Source Illinois Council of Food and Agricultural Research