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Safety and Efficacy of Protein‐Enriched Meal Replacements over 12 months
Author(s) -
Li Zhaoping,
Treyzon Leo,
Chen Steve,
Hong Kurt,
Yan Eric,
Kim Woosung,
Carpenter Catherine,
Thames Gail,
Bowerman Susan,
Wang HeJing,
Elashoff Robert
Publication year - 2009
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.23.1_supplement.213.6
Subject(s) - meal , medicine , lean body mass , zoology , soybean meal , albumin , alkaline phosphatase , endocrinology , chemistry , body weight , biology , biochemistry , raw material , organic chemistry , enzyme
Since there has been concern over the use of high protein meal replacements for obesity due to potential effect on liver, renal function, and bone metabolism, the present double‐blind randomized controlled trial was conducted in 100 obese subjects who were randomly assigned to receive either standard protein (SP) (0.5 g per pound lean body mass) or high protein (HP) (1.0 g per pound lean body mass) with a diet plan designed to provide a 500 Calorie deficit per day. Subjects were instructed to mix a soy/whey protein powder (Performance Protein Powder, Herbalife) or a non‐protein isocaloric carbohydrate powder (control) with a standard meal replacement (Formula 1, Herbalife). Meal replacements were taken twice a day with one meal for 3 months and then one a day for 9 months. 75 subjects completed the 1 year study and subjects in both groups lost weight (HP ‐4.05 ± .83 kg vs. SP ‐4.42 ± 1.12 kg, p<0.05). There was no difference between groups in weight loss. Liver functions including AST, ALT, Bilirubin, Alkaline Phosphatase were in the normal range and did not change significantly. Similarly, 24 hour urine collections for creatinine, albumin, and calcium secretion did not change from baseline and were not different between groups. Bone mineral density by DEXA did not change in either group over one year. These studies demonstrate that protein‐enriched meal replacements are safe and effective for weight loss over one year.