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Low carbohydrate diets alter hormones known to mediate central regulation of appetite
Author(s) -
Stadler Diane D,
Lin YuehHan,
Jordan Julia,
Horgan Angela,
Clemmons Aaron,
Gerhard Glenn
Publication year - 2009
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.23.1_supplement.212.5
Subject(s) - leptin , ghrelin , appetite , medicine , weight loss , hormone , endocrinology , area under the curve , insulin , meal , chemistry , obesity
Very low carbohydrate (CHO) diets (VLCD) are effective at inducing weight loss due in part to a sense of food disinterest. Those consuming VLCD reduce their energy intake by an average of 25‐30% yet do not feel hungry. To explain this modified eating behavior we characterized 24 h profiles of hormones known to mediate central regulation of appetite in healthy obese adults. Subjects consumed a standard research diet (~50% CHO) for 2 weeks and then were randomly assigned to ad libitum VLCD (n=9; ~4% CHO) or high complex CHO (HCD, n=13; ~58% CHO) research diets for 6 weeks. Blood samples were collected over 24 h at the end of each diet phase. Insulin, leptin, and total ghrelin concentrations were measured in 28 samples and area under the curve (AUC) was calculated for each analyte. Differences in change from baseline in AUC were compared between groups by ANOVA and LSD analysis. Changes in 24 h AUC‐insulin (‐401 ± 119 vs ‐80 ± 38; p< 0.01), 12 h AUC‐leptin (‐0.82 ± 0.23 vs ‐0.26 ± 0.19; p<0.04) and 4 h AUC‐total ghrelin (373 ± 181 vs ‐44 ± 56; p<0.03) were different between VLCD and HCD groups, respectively. Patterns of change over 24 h at 6 weeks were also different between groups for each analyte. These findings suggest that VLCD and HCD differentially impact hormones that influence regulation of appetite and may help explain differences in weight loss between diets, at least in the short term. Supported by PHS grants UL1RR024140 & 5R21AT002753.