Effects of food form and resistance training on postprandial appetitive sensations and ghrelin, cholecystokinin, and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 in older adults

This study assessed the effects of food form (FF) and resistance training (RT) on appetitive sensations and postprandial (PP) plasma hormones in 16 RT and 18 sedentary (Sed) persons: age 62‐84 y; physical activity 425 ± 33 vs. 272 ± 28 kcal/d (*, p=0.05), mean ± SE; BMI 24.0 ± 0.6 vs. 25.7 ± 0.5* kg/m 2 ; and whole body maximum strength 8.3 ± 0.3 vs. 6.7 ± 0.3* kg/kg fat free mass. On 2 randomized days, each subject consumed an isoenergetic macronutrient‐matched beverage (B) or solid (S) product. 4‐h PP measurements were assessed using area under the curve. Fullness was lower for B (218 ± 94) vs. S (475 ± 96* AU·240 min) and was lower in RT (230 ± 118) vs. Sed (450 ± 106*). Desire to eat was higher for B (‐65 ± 97) vs. S (‐331 ± 114* AU·240 min) but unaffected by RT. The hunger response tended to be higher for B vs. S (p=0.07). FF and RT did not affect ghrelin. CCK was lower in B (6.2 ± 8.9) vs. S (33.4 ± 8.9* ng/mL·240min) and higher with RT (29.0 ± 12.7) vs. Sed (12.2 ± 7.7*). GLP‐1 tended to be higher in B (37.1 ± 19.2) vs. S (0.9 ± 11.3 ng/mL·240min, p=0.06) and was lower in RT (3.9 ± 3.2) vs. Sed (31.6 ± 22.4*). GLP‐1 and ghrelin were negatively correlated with fullness (r=‐0.15*, r=‐0.18*). Ghrelin was positively correlated with hunger (r=0.16*) and desire to eat (r=0.15*). These results suggest that FF and RT influence appetitive sensations and hormonal responses. Older adults may benefit from incorporating RT and B meals to potentially reduce the anorexia of aging. Grant Funding Source NIH R01 AG021911 , The Solae Company, Purdue Bilsland Fellowship